古尔班通古特沙漠中4种荒漠草本植物的生物量与化学计量特征

doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2019.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对于荒漠植物不同生长期生物量分配和化学计量比的研究有助于深入了解荒漠植物的功能结构，更好掌握环境对植物的生存影响。本研究选取古尔班通古特沙漠4种一年生荒漠草本植物沙蓬（Agriophyllum sqarrosum（L.）Moq.）、雾冰藜（Bassssia dasyphylla（Fisch.et Mey.）O.Kuntze）、角果藜（Ceratocarpus arenarius L.）和碱蓬（Suaeda glauca（Bge.）Bge.）对比研究了4种生物量分配与N、P化学计量学随植物生长的变化。结果显示：（1）4种荒漠植物生物量积累配过程中，根冠比随生长季的延长逐渐降低。地上、地上生物量相关生长关系表明，角果藜为等速→异速的变化过程，沙蓬从采样初期至末期的变化过程为异速→等速生长，而沙蓬和碱蓬的相关生长指数相反，分别为异速→等速→异速、等速→异速→等速的变化格局；（2）4种植物N、P含量随生长期的延长逐步降低。在整个生长季节4种植物的N与P含量的变化趋势均为相似。（3）植物N、P含量间达到正相关显著，除沙蓬和雾冰藜的N：P之外其余指标分别与植物的地上、地下生物量及总生物量间呈负相关显著，而根冠比、相关生长指数与化学计量特征间未达到显著水平，表明了二者较弱的相关性。研究表明，4种荒漠草本植物生物量与化学计量特征的相关性不大，说明化学计量比并不是影响植物生物量及生活策略的主要因素，而更多是受植物自身遗传特性的影响。同时也体现了荒漠草本植物在养分匮乏的条件下，形成了自身独特的生理生态特征，且具有相对稳定的适应特性。

关键词: 荒漠植物, 生物量, 生态化学计量学, 相关生长关系, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract: The study on the biomass allocation and stoichiometric ratio of desert plants in different growth periods can help to understand the functional structure of desert plants and better grasp the influence of environment on the survival of plants. In this study, four annual desert herbs Agriophyllum sqarrosum(L.) Moq., Bassssia dasyphylla(Fisch. Et Mey.) O.Kuntze, Ceratocarpus arenarius L. and Suaeda glauca(Bge.) Bge. were selected. The changes of the distribution of biomass, N and P stoichiometry with plant growth were compared. The results showed that:(1)During the process of biomass accumulation and distribution of four kinds of desert plants, the root crown ratio decreased gradually with the extension of growing season. The growth relation of aboveground and aboveground biomass showed that the change process of the quinoa was isokinetic to isokinetic, while the change process from the initial stage to the final stage of the sample was isokinetic to isokinetic, while the correlation growth index of the apsarum and the apsarum was opposite, which was the change pattern of isokinetic to isokinetic, isokinetic to isokinetic to isokinetic. (2)The N and P contents of the four plants decreased gradually with the extension of growth period.The variation trend of N and P content of the four plants was similar throughout the growing season. (3)The contents of plant N and P reached a significant positive correlation, and the other indexes except N:P of desiccant and fog ice quinoa showed a significant negative correlation with the aboveground and underground biomass and total biomass of plants, while the root crown ratio, correlation growth index and stoichiometric characteristics did not reach a significant level, indicating a relatively weak correlation between them.Study shows that the four kinds of desert plant biomass little correlation with characteristics of chemical measurement and explain stoichiometric ratio is not the main factors influencing the plant biomass and life strategy, but more is affected by the plant's own genetic traits, but also embodies the desert herbaceous plants under the condition of lack of nutrients, formed its own unique physiological and ecological characteristics, and has a relatively stable adaptive traits. Research shows, There was little correlation between biomass and stoichiometric characteristics of the four desert herbaceous plants, indicating that stoichiometric ratio was not the main factor affecting biomass and living strategies of plants, but was more influenced by the genetic characteristics of plants themselves. At the same time, it also reflects that desert herbaceous plants have formed their own unique physiological and ecological characteristics under the condition of nutrient deficiency, and have relatively stable adaptation characteristics.

Key words: eremophytes, biomass, ecological stoichiometry, allometric relationship, Gurbantunggut desert

中图分类号:

Q945.11

郭浩, 庄伟伟, 李进. 古尔班通古特沙漠中4种荒漠草本植物的生物量与化学计量特征[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(3): 421-430.

GUO Hao, ZHUANG Wei-Wei, LI Jin. Characteristics of Biomass and Stoichiometry of Four Desert Herbaceous Plants In the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(3): 421-430.

参考文献

1. 杨昊天,李新荣,刘立超,等. 荒漠草地4种灌木生物量分配特征[J]. 中国沙漠,2013,33(5):1340-1348. Yang H T,Li X R,Liu L C,et al. Biomass allocation patterns of four shrubs in desert grassland[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(5):1340-1348.
2. Whitford W. Ecology of desert systems[M]. San Diego:Academic Press,2002.
3. 丁俊祥,范连连,李彦,等. 古尔班通古特沙漠6种荒漠草本植物的生物量分配与相关生长关系[J]. 中国沙漠,2016,36(5):1323-1330. Ding J X,Fan L L,Li Y,et al. Biomass allocation and allometric relationships of six desert herbaceous plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(5):1323-1330.
4. 郝虎东,田青松,石凤翎,等. 无芒雀麦地上生物量及各构件生物量分配动态[J]. 中国草地学报,2009,31(4):85-90. Hao H D,Tian Q S,Shi F L,et al. Allocated dynamics of aboveground biomass and structural biomass in Bromus inermis Leyss[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2009,31(4):85-90.
5. Funk J L,Larson J E,Ames G M,et al. Revisiting the holy grail:using plant functional traits to understand ecological processes[J]. Biological Reviews,2016,92(2):1156-1173.
6. Lyu S M,Liu X,Venail P. Functional dissimilarity,not phylogenetic relatedness,determines interspecific interactions among plants in the Tibetan alpine meadows[J]. Oikos,2017,126(3):381-388.
7. Díaz S,Kattge J,Cornelissen J H C,et al. The global spectrum of plant form and function[J]. Nature,2016,529(7585):167-171.
8. 陶冶,张元明. 3种荒漠植物群落物种组成与丰富度的季节变化及地上生物量特征[J]. 草业学报,2011,20(6):1-11. Tao Y,Zhang Y M. Seasonal changes in species composition,richness and the aboveground biomass of three community types in Gurbantunggut Desert,Northwestern China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(6):1-11.
9. 陶冶,吴甘霖,刘耀斌,等. 古尔班通古特沙漠典型灌木群落土壤化学计量特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠,2017,37(2):305-314. Tao Y,Wu G L,Liu Y B,et al. Soil stoichiometry and their influencing factors in typical shrub communities in the Gurbantunggut Desert,China[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(2):305-314.
10. 姜沛沛,曹扬,陈云明. 陕西省森林群落乔灌草叶片和凋落物C、N、P生态化学计量特征[J]. 应用生态学报,2016,27(2):365-372. Jiang P P,Cao Y,Chen Y M. C,N,P stoichiometric characteristics of tree,shrub,herb leaves and litter in forest community of Shaanxi Province,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(2):365-372.
11. 王凯博,上官周平. 黄土丘陵区燕沟流域典型植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化[J]. 生态学报. 2011,31(17):4985-4991. Wang K B,Shangguan Z P. Seasonal variations in leaf C,N,and P stoichiometry of typical plants in the Yangou watershed in the loess hilly gully region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(17):4985-4991.
12. 吴统贵,吴明,刘丽,等. 杭州湾滨海湿地3种草本植物叶片N、P化学计量学的季节变化[J]. 植物生态学报,2010,34(1):23-28. Wu T G,Wu M,Liu L,et al. Seasonal variations of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of three herbaceous species in Hangzhou Bay coastal wetlands,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2010,34(1):23-28.
13. 王绍强,于贵瑞. 生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征[J]. 生态学报,2008,28(8):3937-3947. Wang S Q,Yu G R. Ecological stoichiometry characteristics of ecosystem carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus elements[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(8):3937-3947.
14. 唐高溶,郑伟,王祥,等. 旅游对喀纳斯景区植被和土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量特征的影响[J]. 草业科学,2016,33(8):1476-1485. Tang G R,Zheng G W,Wang X,et al. Effects of tourism disturbance on the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of C,N and P of the vegetation and soil in Kanas Scenic Area[J]. Pratacultural Science,2016,33(8):1476-1485.
15. 李玮,郑子成,李廷轩. 不同植茶年限土壤团聚体碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征[J]. 应用生态学报,2015,26(1):9-16. Li W,Zheng Z C,Li T X. Ecologicalstoichiometry of soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus within soil aggregates in tea plantations with different ages[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(1):9-16.
16. 张蕾蕾,钟全林,程栋梁,等. 刨花楠不同相对生长速率下林木叶片碳氮磷的适应特征[J]. 生态学报,2016,36(9):2607-2613. Zhang L L,Zhong Q L,Cheng D L,et al. Biomass relative growth rate of Machilus pauhoi in relation to leaf carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus stoichiometry properties[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(9):2607-2613.
17. Kerkhoff A J,Enquist B J,Elser J J,et al. Plant allometry,stoichiometry and the temperature-dependence of primary productivity[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography,2005,14(6),585-598.
18. Aerts R,Chapin Ⅲ F S. The mineral nutrition of wild plants revisited:a re-evaluation of processes and patterns[J]. Advances in Ecological Research,1999,30:1-67.
19. 王雪芹,蒋进,雷加强,等. 古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物分布及其沙面稳定意义[J]. 地理学报,2003,58(44):598-605. Wang X Q,Jiang J,Lei J Q,et al. The distribution of ephemeral vegetation on the longitudinal dune surface and its stabilization significance in the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2003,58(4):598-605.
20. 刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,等. 土地利用方式对荒漠草地生物量分配及碳密度的影响[J]. 中国沙漠,2016,36(3):666-673. Liu W T,Wei Z J,Lü S J,et al. Estimation of biomass stratose allocation and carbon density in different land-use types in Stipa breviflora desert grassland[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(3):666-673.
21. 肖遥,陶冶,张元明. 古尔班通古特沙漠4种荒漠草本植物不同生长期的生物量分配与叶片化学计量特征[J]. 植物生态学报,2014,38(9):929-940. Xiao Y,Tao Y,Zhang Y M. Biomass allocation and leaf stoichiometric characteristics in four desert herbaceous plants during different growth periods in the Gurbantunggut Desert,China[J]. Chinese Journal of plant ecology,2014,38(9):929-940.
22. 张立运,陈昌笃. 论古尔班通古特沙漠植物多样性的一般特点[J]. 生态学报,2002,22(11):1923-1932. Zhang LY,Chen C D. On the general characteristics of plant diversity of Gurbantunggut Sandy Desert[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(11):1923-1932.
23. 牛得草,李茜,江世高,等. 阿拉善荒漠区6种主要灌木植物叶片C:N:P化学计量比的季节变化[J]. 植物生态学报,2013,37(4):317-325. Niu D C,li Q,jiang S G,et al. Seasonal variations of leaf C:N:P stoichiometry of six shrubs in desert of China's Alxa Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of plant ecology,2013,37(4):317-325.
24. 陶冶,张元明. 准噶尔荒漠 6 种类短命植物生物量分配与异速生长关系[J]. 草业学报,2014,23(2):38-48. Tao Y,Zhang Y M. Biomass allocation patterns and allometric relationships of six ephemeroid species in Junggar Basin,China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23(2):38-48.
25. 赵晶,汪溪远. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘3种生活型草本植物生物量分配及相关生长关系[J]. 植物研究,2017,37(2):304-311. Zhao J,Wang X Y. Allocation patterns and allometric relationships between above-and below-ground biomass of Three Life-form Herbaceous Plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2017,37(2):304-311.
26. 李志波,李平衡,王权,等. 梭梭和多枝柽柳的末端小枝异速生长特征研究[J]. 植物研究,2013,33(3):274-281. Li Z B,Li P H,Wang Q,et all. Allometric characteristics of terminal twigs of Tamarix ramosissima and Haloxylon ammodendron[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research,2013,33(3):274-281.
27. 陈静,李玉霖,崔夺,等. 氮素及水分添加对科尔沁沙地4种优势植物地上生物量分配的影响[J]. 中国沙漠,2014,34(3):696-703. Chen J,Li Y L,Cui D,et al. Response of aboveground biomass allocation in four dominant species to water and nitrogen addition in the Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(3):696-703.
28. 孙一荣,朱教君,康宏樟. 水分处理对沙地樟子松幼苗膜脂过氧化作用及保护酶活性影响[J]. 生态学杂志[J],2008,27(5):729-734. Sun Y R,Zhu J J,Kang H Z. Effects of soil water condition on membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme activities of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(5):729-734.
29. Zhou X B,Zhang Y M,Ji X H,et al. Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and water stress on growth and physiological responses of two annual desert plants in northwestern China[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany,2011,74:1-8.
30. 牛得草,董晓玉,傅华. 长芒草不同季节碳氮磷生态化学计量特征[J]. 草业科学,2011,28(6):915-920. Niu D C,Dong X Y,Fu H. Seasonal dynamics of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Stipa bungeana[J]. Pratacultural Science,2011,28(6):915-920.
31. 李玉霖,毛伟,赵学勇,等. 北方典型荒漠及荒漠化地区植物叶片氮磷化学计量特征研究[J]. 环科科学,2010,31(8):1716-1725. Li Y L,Mao W,Zhao X Y,et al. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in typical desert and desertified regions,North China[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(8):1716-1725.
32. Han W X,Fang J Y,Guo D L,et al. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China[J]. New Phytologist,2005,168:377-385.
33. 胥超,林开淼,刘小飞,等. 不同林龄米槠更新林叶和枝碳氮磷含量及其化学计量特征[J]. 亚热带资源与环境学报,2016,11(2):32-38. Xu C,Lin K M,Liu X F,et al. Carbon,Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in leaves and branches and their stoichiometry characteristics in naturally regenerated Castanopsis carlesis forests at different stand ages[J]. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2016,11(2):32-38.

[1]	许吉康, 何炎红, 刘婷岩, 郝龙飞, 张盛晰, 李赵毅. 砒砂岩区不同生态修复植被根际土壤微生态环境特征[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(4): 531-539.
[2]	令狐克念, 王姝. 不同生长阶段苘麻生物量分配对种群密度和土壤水分的响应[J]. 植物研究, 2023, 43(2): 272-280.
[3]	杨会肖, 徐放, 杨晓慧, 廖焕琴, 张卫华, 潘文. 不同水肥处理对尾叶桉苗木生长及生物量分配的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(4): 667-676.
[4]	王明明, 庄伟伟. 荒漠短命植物不同生长期化学计量特征与生境土壤因子关系分析[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(1): 138-150.
[5]	王莹, 徐宏波, 王洋, 王梦茜, 汪成忠, 尹原森, 孙雪, 周辉, 卓丽环. 5种景天属植物耐受重金属锌胁迫差异性研究[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(6): 982-992.
[6]	孙国语, 马晓雨, 易嘉欣, 张芳平, 张春华, 李开隆. 养分供给对黑青杨等杨树生长动态及养分分配的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(5): 690-699.
[7]	宋思梦, 周扬, 张健. 立地和龄组对四川省柏木人工林叶生态化学计量特征的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(5): 760-774.
[8]	王敏, 周润惠, 余飞燕, 董洪君, 陈聪琳, 喻静, 郝建锋. 不同林龄桉树人工林林下物种多样性和生物量的动态变化[J]. 植物研究, 2021, 41(4): 496-505.
[9]	商侃侃, 张希金, 宋坤. 上海辰山植物园不同生活型木本植物枝叶大小关系的比较[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(5): 641-647.
[10]	侯雪月, 邓俊杰, 姚志红, 黄寿臣, 李嘉哲, 茶新有, 马德志, 张荣沭. 木霉菌对芸芥生长相关生理指标的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(3): 347-352.
[11]	张书齐, 许全, 姚海荣, 杨秋, 刘文杰, 王萌. 海南岛海岸带木麻黄和厚藤叶片碳、氮、磷含量及其化学计量特征[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(2): 224-232.
[12]	赵喆, 金则新. 模拟氮沉降对夏蜡梅幼苗生长及非结构性碳水化合物的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2020, 40(1): 41-49.
[13]	邱东, 张静, 吴楠, 陶冶. 安徽大龙山国家森林公园东亚小金发藓配子体与孢子体个体性状及其相互关系[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(6): 835-845.
[14]	蔡年辉, 王大玮, 黄文学, 吴俊文, 王军民, 陈诗, 许玉兰, 段安安. 云南松苗木生长与生物量的相关性及通径分析[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(6): 853-862.
[15]	刘婷岩, 郝龙飞, 王庆成, 白淑兰. 不同栽植密度对斑叶稠李苗木培育质量的影响[J]. 植物研究, 2019, 39(6): 863-868.