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植物研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 412-417.doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2015.03.014

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

施肥对白桦材性性状的影响研究

崔志远;刘桂丰;李博;郭海沣;卫星杓;王超*   

  1. 东北林业大学林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,哈尔滨 150040
  • 出版日期:2015-05-20 发布日期:2015-06-24
  • 基金资助:
     

Effect of Fertilization on Woody Characteristics of Betula platyphylla

CUI Zhi-Yuan;LIU Gui-Feng;LI Bo;GUO Hai-Feng;WEI Xing-Biao;WANG Chao*   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040
  • Online:2015-05-20 Published:2015-06-24
  • Supported by:
     

摘要: 为了研究不同施肥处理对白桦材性性状的影响,选用了4种不同施肥配方(N肥、K肥、P肥、全营养元素肥料)连续3年处理白桦实生植株,分别测定了其生长性状,木质素、纤维素含量,木材密度,微纤丝角,导管和纤维形态的变化等。结果表明:施加N肥和全营养元素肥料的白桦相对于对照组(不施加肥料)的生长性状变化显著,胸径分别是对照组的1.6和1.9倍,冠幅分别是对照组的1.4和1.5倍,纤维素含量分别增加8.7%、14.3%,木质素含量差别不明显,单位横截面积内导管数量增加,导管弦径变小,纤维长宽显著减小,长宽比没有明显变化;而施加P肥后相对于对照组木材密度增加5%,微纤丝角降低5.4%。因此合理施加N肥可以一定程度提高白桦木材造纸性能,合理施加P肥可有效提高木材的机械强度。

关键词: 白桦(Betula platyphylla), 施肥, 纤维素, 导管, 纤维形态

Abstract: To search the effects of different fertilization prescriptions on woody traits of Betula platyphylla, we chose four group B.platyphylla, fertilized by nitrogen, potash, phosphatate and total nutrient elements fertilizer, respectively, for three years’ treatment. We observed the differences between four groups of B.platyphylla in terms of growth characteristics, the content of lignin and cellulose, wood density, microfibril angle, and fiber morphology changes. Two groups fertilized by nitrogen and total nutrient elements fertilizer had significant changes compared to the control group. Diameter at breast height of two groups were 1.6 and 1.9 times more than that of the control group, respectively; crown width were 1.4 times and 1.5 times more than that in the control group, respectively; cellulose contents increased by 8.7% and 14.3% than that in the control group, respectively. In cross-sectional unit area, the number of catheters increased, the diameters of catheters decreased, length and width of fibers decreased significantly. However, lignin contents and aspect ratio of those two groups did not change significantly. In contract, the wood density of the group fertilized by phosphatate fertilizer had increase by 5% than that of the control group, and microfibril angle of the phosphatate fertilized group decreased by 5.4% than that of the control group. The results are that increasing nitrogen fertilizer reasonably can improve the paper performance of birch and the increasing phosphate fertilizer reasonably can improve the mechanical strength of birch.

Key words: Betula platyphylla, fertilization, cellulose, conduits, fiber morphology

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